在英語中,Adverbs副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的一種詞類。副詞通常用來描述動作的方式、時間、頻率、地點、程度等,它們幫助我們提供更多關於某個動作或狀態的細節。
副詞的功能
- 修飾動詞:副詞可以描述動詞的進行方式、時間或頻率。
- 例子:She sings beautifully.(她唱得很美。)
- 修飾形容詞:副詞可以描述形容詞的程度或強度。
- 例子:He is very tall.(他非常高。)
- 修飾副詞:副詞也可以修飾其他副詞,說明它們的強度或程度。
- 例子:She runs quite fast.(她跑得相當快。)
- 表示時間、地點、頻率等:副詞可表達某動作發生的時間、地點、方式等。
- 例子:We will meet tomorrow.(我們明天見。)
副詞的種類
1. 方式副詞(Adverbs of manner)
- 描述動作是如何進行的,通常以 -ly 結尾(但也有一些不是以 -ly 結尾的副詞)。
- 常見副詞:quickly, slowly, carefully, easily, happily
- 例子:
- He speaks fluently.(他說得流利。)
- She danced gracefully.(她跳舞跳得優雅。)
2. 時間副詞(Adverbs of time)
- 描述動作發生的時間。
- 常見副詞:now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, recently, soon, always, never
- 例子:
- I will call you later.(我稍後會打給你。)
- He never eats vegetables.(他從不吃蔬菜。)
3. 地點副詞(Adverbs of place)
- 描述動作發生的地點。
- 常見副詞:here, there, everywhere, nowhere, upstairs, outside
- 例子:
- I am waiting outside.(我在外面等。)
- The keys are there.(鑰匙在那裡。)
4. 頻率副詞(Adverbs of frequency)
- 描述動作發生的頻率。
- 常見副詞:always, often, usually, rarely, sometimes, never
- 例子:
- I often go to the gym.(我經常去健身房。)
- They rarely travel abroad.(他們很少出國旅行。)
5. 程度副詞(Adverbs of degree)
- 描述動作或形容詞的程度。
- 常見副詞:very, quite, too, enough, extremely, fairly, a little
- 例子:
- She is very tired.(她非常累。)
- This movie is too boring.(這部電影太無聊了。)
6.連接副詞(Conjunctive Adverbs)
連接副詞是用來連接句子或句子成分的副詞,它們不僅表示時間、原因、結果等關係,還有助於將兩個或多個獨立的句子、子句或詞組連接在一起。這類副詞在句子中充當連接詞的角色,常用來增強語句的邏輯性和流暢度。
常見副詞:
表示因果關係:therefore,thus,consequently,hence
表示轉折或對比:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,(on the other hand)
表示時間關係:meanwhile,subsequently,thereafter,eventually
表示總結或強調:indeed,(in conclusion,in fact,as a result)
表示條件:otherwise,(in any case)
7. 疑問副詞(Interrogative adverbs)
- 用於疑問句中,提問有關時間、地點、方式等。
- 常見副詞:how, when, where, why
- 例子:
- How did you do that?(你是怎麼做到的?)
- Where are we going?(我們要去哪裡?)
8.關係副詞(Relative Adverbs)
關係副詞是用來引導關係子句(Relative Clauses)的副詞。這些副詞連接主句和從句,並且提供有關時間、地點或原因的更多信息。關係副詞的功能類似於關係代詞(如 who, which, that),但它們通常用來表示時間、地點或原因。
常見副詞:where,when,why
9. 目的副詞(Adverbs of purpose)
目的副詞是用來表達動作的目的或原因的副詞。這些副詞通常解釋某個行為或動作為何發生,回答「為了什麼?」或「為什麼?」這類問題。
- 常見副詞:to,(in order to,so as to,so that)
10.句子副詞(Sentence Adverbs)
句子副詞(Sentence Adverbs)是一種用來修飾整個句子的副詞。它們通常表達說話者的態度、情感、立場或強調句子中所描述的行為或情況的方式。與其他副詞不同,句子副詞不是修飾單個詞語(如動詞、形容詞等),而是改變整個句子的語氣或意圖。
常見副詞:clearly,fortunately,unfortunately,obviously,naturally,surprisingly
11. 肯定副詞(Adverbs of Affirmation)
肯定副詞是用來表達同意、肯定或確認某事的副詞。它們通常用來強調某個事實或狀態是正確的,並表示對某事的確信或支持。這些副詞幫助我們在語氣上給出明確的肯定。
常見副詞:yes,certainly,definitely,absolutely,sure,indeed,totally,(of course)
12.否定副詞(Adverbs of Negation)
否定副詞是用來表達否定或反駁某事的副詞。它們的作用是使句子的意義變為否定,通常用來反駁、拒絕或表示某事不成立。
常見副詞:no,not,none,nothing,nowhere,never,hardly,scarcely,(no longer)
13.焦點副詞(Focus Adverbs)
焦點副詞是一類特殊的副詞,用來強調句子中的某個特定部分,通常是名詞、動詞、形容詞或其他副詞。這些副詞幫助突出某個特定的元素或意圖,讓聽者或讀者注意到某個細節。
常見副詞:only,just,even,also,especially,mainly,simply,particularly,mostly
副詞的結構
- 基本形式:大多數副詞是形容詞加上 -ly 變化而來的。
- 例子:
- quick → quickly
- careful → carefully
- happy → happily
- 例子:
- 不規則副詞:有些副詞的形式與形容詞不同,不加 -ly。
- 例子:
- well(good 的副詞形式)
- fast(既是形容詞也是副詞)
- hard(既是形容詞也是副詞)
- 例子:
副詞的位置
副詞的位置可以根據它所修飾的詞而變化,但一般來說有幾個常見規則:
- 修飾動詞:副詞通常位於動詞之後,尤其是當副詞描述動作方式、時間、地點等。
- 例子:
- She sings beautifully.(她唱得很美。)
- I will call you tomorrow.(我明天會打給你。)
- 例子:
- 修飾形容詞或其他副詞:副詞通常位於形容詞或其他副詞之前。
- 例子:
- She is extremely talented.(她非常有才華。)
- He runs quite fast.(他跑得相當快。)
- 例子:
- 句首或句尾:副詞也可以放在句首或句尾,用來強調句子。
- 例子:
- Tomorrow, I will go to the park.(明天,我將去公園。)
- She went to bed early, finally.(她最終早早上床了。)
- 例子:
常見副詞的例子
- 表示方式:
- She answered the question correctly.(她正確地回答了問題。)
- 表示時間:
- We will leave soon.(我們很快就離開。)
- 表示頻率:
- I always eat breakfast.(我總是吃早餐。)
- 表示程度:
- The soup is too hot.(湯太熱了。)
- 表示地點:
- The children are playing outside.(孩子們在外面玩。)
副詞的注意事項
- 避免過度使用副詞
- 過多的副詞會讓語句顯得冗長或不自然,尤其是像 “very”、”really” 等程度副詞。
- 例如:She is really very happy → She is very happy.
- 某些副詞不能加 -ly
- 有些副詞是形容詞和副詞同形的,如:fast, hard, early, late 等。
CEFR副詞字彙表
一共有533個單字,其中有357個以ly結尾,兩個片語:upside down,vice versa。
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|
a.m. | abroad | aboard | about |
above | absolutely | accidentally | accurately |
across | actively | actually | additionally |
adequately | admittedly | after | afterwards |
again | aggressively | ago | ahead |
alike | all | allegedly | almost |
along | alongside | aloud | already |
also | alternatively | altogether | always |
amazingly | angrily | annually | anxiously |
any | anyhow | anymore | anyway |
anywhere | apart | apparently | appropriately |
approximately | around | artificialy | aside |
automatically | away | backwards | badly |
barely | basically | beautifully | before |
behind | below | besides | best |
better | between | beyond | boldly |
bravely | briefly | brightly | brilliantly |
broadly | calmly | carefully | carelessly |
casually | certainly | cheerfully | clearly |
closely | comfortably | commonly | completely |
comprehensively | conclusively | confidently | consequently |
considerably | consistently | constantly | continually |
continuously | conveniently | correctly | creatively |
critically | cruelly | culturally | curiously |
currently | daily | dangerously | dead |
decisively | deep | deeply | definitely |
deliberately | densely | desperately | differently |
diplomatically | directly | dishonestly | down |
downhill | downstairs | downwards | dramatically |
drastically | eagerly | early | easily |
east | ecologically | effectively | efficiently |
either | electronically | elegantly | else |
elsewhere | emotionally | enough | enthusiastically |
entirely | environmentally | equally | especially |
essentially | even | eventually | ever |
everywhere | evidently | exactly | exceptionally |
excitedly | exclusively | extra | extraordinarily |
extremely | face to face | fairly | fantastically |
far | fast | finally | financially |
fine | finely | firmly | first |
firstly | flat | fluently | foolishly |
forever | formally | formerly | fortunately |
forward | frankly | free | freely |
frequently | fully | fundamentally | furiously |
further | furthermore | furthest | generally |
generously | gently | genuinely | globally |
gradually | greatly | half | happily |
hardly | harshly | heavily | hence |
here | high | highly | historically |
home | honestly | hopefully | hopelessly |
hourly | how | however | ideally |
illegally | immediately | immensely | impatiently |
importantly | in | inappropriately | incidentally |
increasingly | incredibly | indeed | indefinitely |
independently | indirectly | individually | indoors |
inevitably | infinitely | informally | initially |
innocently | inside | instantly | instead |
intellectually | intensely | intensively | interestingly |
internally | internationally | invariably | ironically |
jealously | jointly | just | kindly |
knowingly | largely | last | lastly |
late | lately | later | least |
left | legally | less | lightly |
likely | likewise | literally | logically |
long | loud | loudly | low |
luckily | magnificently | mainly | maybe |
meanwhile | medically | mentally | merely |
moderately | modestly | morally | more |
moreover | most | mostly | much |
musically | mysteriously | namely | narrowly |
naturally | near | nearby | nearly |
neatly | necessarily | negatively | neither |
nervously | never | nevertheless | newly |
next | nicely | no | nonetheless |
normally | north | notably | noticeably |
now | nowadays | nowhere | objectively |
obviously | occasionally | oddly | off |
officially | often | OK | on |
once | online | only | openly |
opposite | originally | otherwise | outdoors |
outside | over | overall | overboard |
partially | particularly | partly | passionatly |
patiently | peacefully | percent | perfectly |
permanently | personally | physically | pleasantly |
politically | poorly | positively | possibly |
potentially | powerfully | practically | precisely |
predominantly | preferably | presently | presumably |
pretty | previously | primarily | privately |
probably | profoundly | promptly | properly |
proudly | psychologically | publicly | purely |
quickly | quietly | quite | racially |
radically | randomly | rapidly | rarely |
rather | readily | realistically | really |
reasonably | recently | regardless | regularly |
relentlessly | reluctantly | remarkably | repeatedly |
reportedly | respectfully | right | rightly |
roughly | round | rudely | sadly |
safely | satisfactorily | scientifically | second |
secondly | secretly | seemingly | seldom |
sensibly | separately | seriously | severely |
sharply | shortly | sideways | significantly |
silently | similarly | simply | simultaneously |
sincerely | slightly | slowly | smoothly |
softly | solely | somehow | sometimes |
somewhere | soon | south | sparsely |
specially | specifically | spiritually | steadily |
still | straight | strangely | strategically |
strictly | strongly | subconsciously | subsequently |
substantially | successfully | suddenly | sufficiently |
suitably | superficially | supposedly | surely |
surprisingly | suspiciously | swiftly | systematically |
technically | technologically | temporarily | terribly |
thankfully | that | then | theoretically |
there | thereafter | thereby | therefore |
this | thoroughly | though | thoughtfully |
throughout | thus | tight | tightly |
today | together | tomorrow | tonight |
too | top | totally | traditionally |
tragically | tremendously | truly | twice |
typically | ultimately | unanimously | unavoidably |
uncomfortably | unconsciously | undeniably | underneath |
understandably | undoubtedly | unexpectedly | unfairly |
unfortunately | universally | unnecessarily | unquestionably |
unreasonably | unsuccessfully | unwillingly | up |
uphill | upstairs | upwards | urgently |
usually | utterly | vaguely | violently |
virtually | visibly | vitally | vividly |
voluntarily | warmly | well | west |
when | whenever | where | whereabouts |
whereby | whole | wholeheartedly | wholly |
why | wide | widely | wildly |
willingly | wisely | worse | worst |
wrong | wrongly | yes | yesterday |
yet |