英文副詞:副詞種類和字彙表(533個單字)

在英語中,Adverbs副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的一種詞類。副詞通常用來描述動作的方式、時間、頻率、地點、程度等,它們幫助我們提供更多關於某個動作或狀態的細節。


副詞的功能

  1. 修飾動詞:副詞可以描述動詞的進行方式、時間或頻率。
    • 例子:She sings beautifully.(她唱得很美。)
  2. 修飾形容詞:副詞可以描述形容詞的程度或強度。
    • 例子:He is very tall.(他非常高。)
  3. 修飾副詞:副詞也可以修飾其他副詞,說明它們的強度或程度。
    • 例子:She runs quite fast.(她跑得相當快。)
  4. 表示時間、地點、頻率等:副詞可表達某動作發生的時間、地點、方式等。
    • 例子:We will meet tomorrow.(我們明天見。)

副詞的種類

1. 方式副詞(Adverbs of manner)

  • 描述動作是如何進行的,通常以 -ly 結尾(但也有一些不是以 -ly 結尾的副詞)。
  • 常見副詞:quickly, slowly, carefully, easily, happily
  • 例子:
    • He speaks fluently.(他說得流利。)
    • She danced gracefully.(她跳舞跳得優雅。)

2. 時間副詞(Adverbs of time)

  • 描述動作發生的時間。
  • 常見副詞:now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, recently, soon, always, never
  • 例子:
    • I will call you later.(我稍後會打給你。)
    • He never eats vegetables.(他從不吃蔬菜。)

3. 地點副詞(Adverbs of place)

  • 描述動作發生的地點。
  • 常見副詞:here, there, everywhere, nowhere, upstairs, outside
  • 例子:
    • I am waiting outside.(我在外面等。)
    • The keys are there.(鑰匙在那裡。)

4. 頻率副詞(Adverbs of frequency)

  • 描述動作發生的頻率。
  • 常見副詞:always, often, usually, rarely, sometimes, never
  • 例子:
    • I often go to the gym.(我經常去健身房。)
    • They rarely travel abroad.(他們很少出國旅行。)

5. 程度副詞(Adverbs of degree)

  • 描述動作或形容詞的程度。
  • 常見副詞:very, quite, too, enough, extremely, fairly, a little
  • 例子:
    • She is very tired.(她非常累。)
    • This movie is too boring.(這部電影太無聊了。)

6.連接副詞(Conjunctive Adverbs)

連接副詞是用來連接句子或句子成分的副詞,它們不僅表示時間、原因、結果等關係,還有助於將兩個或多個獨立的句子、子句或詞組連接在一起。這類副詞在句子中充當連接詞的角色,常用來增強語句的邏輯性和流暢度。

常見副詞:
表示因果關係:therefore,thus,consequently,hence
表示轉折或對比:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,(on the other hand)
表示時間關係:meanwhile,subsequently,thereafter,eventually
表示總結或強調:indeed,(in conclusion,in fact,as a result)
表示條件:otherwise,(in any case)

7. 疑問副詞(Interrogative adverbs)

  • 用於疑問句中,提問有關時間、地點、方式等。
  • 常見副詞:how, when, where, why
  • 例子:
    • How did you do that?(你是怎麼做到的?)
    • Where are we going?(我們要去哪裡?)

8.關係副詞(Relative Adverbs)

關係副詞是用來引導關係子句(Relative Clauses)的副詞。這些副詞連接主句和從句,並且提供有關時間、地點或原因的更多信息。關係副詞的功能類似於關係代詞(如 who, which, that),但它們通常用來表示時間、地點或原因。

常見副詞:where,when,why

9. 目的副詞(Adverbs of purpose)

目的副詞是用來表達動作的目的或原因的副詞。這些副詞通常解釋某個行為或動作為何發生,回答「為了什麼?」或「為什麼?」這類問題。

  • 常見副詞:to,(in order to,so as to,so that)

10.句子副詞(Sentence Adverbs)

句子副詞(Sentence Adverbs)是一種用來修飾整個句子的副詞。它們通常表達說話者的態度、情感、立場或強調句子中所描述的行為或情況的方式。與其他副詞不同,句子副詞不是修飾單個詞語(如動詞、形容詞等),而是改變整個句子的語氣或意圖。

常見副詞:clearly,fortunately,unfortunately,obviously,naturally,surprisingly

11. 肯定副詞(Adverbs of Affirmation)

肯定副詞是用來表達同意、肯定或確認某事的副詞。它們通常用來強調某個事實或狀態是正確的,並表示對某事的確信或支持。這些副詞幫助我們在語氣上給出明確的肯定。

常見副詞:yes,certainly,definitely,absolutely,sure,indeed,totally,(of course)

12.否定副詞(Adverbs of Negation)

否定副詞是用來表達否定或反駁某事的副詞。它們的作用是使句子的意義變為否定,通常用來反駁、拒絕或表示某事不成立。

常見副詞:no,not,none,nothing,nowhere,never,hardly,scarcely,(no longer)

13.焦點副詞(Focus Adverbs)

焦點副詞是一類特殊的副詞,用來強調句子中的某個特定部分,通常是名詞、動詞、形容詞或其他副詞。這些副詞幫助突出某個特定的元素或意圖,讓聽者或讀者注意到某個細節。

常見副詞:only,just,even,also,especially,mainly,simply,particularly,mostly


副詞的結構

  1. 基本形式:大多數副詞是形容詞加上 -ly 變化而來的。
    • 例子:
      • quick → quickly
      • careful → carefully
      • happy → happily
  2. 不規則副詞:有些副詞的形式與形容詞不同,不加 -ly。
    • 例子:
      • well(good 的副詞形式)
      • fast(既是形容詞也是副詞)
      • hard(既是形容詞也是副詞)

副詞的位置

副詞的位置可以根據它所修飾的詞而變化,但一般來說有幾個常見規則:

  1. 修飾動詞:副詞通常位於動詞之後,尤其是當副詞描述動作方式、時間、地點等。
    • 例子:
      • She sings beautifully.(她唱得很美。)
      • I will call you tomorrow.(我明天會打給你。)
  2. 修飾形容詞或其他副詞:副詞通常位於形容詞或其他副詞之前。
    • 例子:
      • She is extremely talented.(她非常有才華。)
      • He runs quite fast.(他跑得相當快。)
  3. 句首或句尾:副詞也可以放在句首或句尾,用來強調句子。
    • 例子:
      • Tomorrow, I will go to the park.(明天,我將去公園。)
      • She went to bed early, finally.(她最終早早上床了。)

常見副詞的例子

  1. 表示方式
    • She answered the question correctly.(她正確地回答了問題。)
  2. 表示時間
    • We will leave soon.(我們很快就離開。)
  3. 表示頻率
    • I always eat breakfast.(我總是吃早餐。)
  4. 表示程度
    • The soup is too hot.(湯太熱了。)
  5. 表示地點
    • The children are playing outside.(孩子們在外面玩。)

副詞的注意事項

  1. 避免過度使用副詞
    • 過多的副詞會讓語句顯得冗長或不自然,尤其是像 “very”、”really” 等程度副詞。
    • 例如:She is really very happy → She is very happy.
  2. 某些副詞不能加 -ly
    • 有些副詞是形容詞和副詞同形的,如:fast, hard, early, late 等。

CEFR副詞字彙表

一共有533個單字,其中有357個以ly結尾,兩個片語:upside down,vice versa。

1234
a.m.abroadaboardabout
aboveabsolutelyaccidentallyaccurately
acrossactivelyactuallyadditionally
adequatelyadmittedlyafterafterwards
againaggressivelyagoahead
alikeallallegedlyalmost
alongalongsidealoudalready
alsoalternativelyaltogetheralways
amazinglyangrilyannuallyanxiously
anyanyhowanymoreanyway
anywhereapartapparentlyappropriately
approximatelyaroundartificialyaside
automaticallyawaybackwardsbadly
barelybasicallybeautifullybefore
behindbelowbesidesbest
betterbetweenbeyondboldly
bravelybrieflybrightlybrilliantly
broadlycalmlycarefullycarelessly
casuallycertainlycheerfullyclearly
closelycomfortablycommonlycompletely
comprehensivelyconclusivelyconfidentlyconsequently
considerablyconsistentlyconstantlycontinually
continuouslyconvenientlycorrectlycreatively
criticallycruellyculturallycuriously
currentlydailydangerouslydead
decisivelydeepdeeplydefinitely
deliberatelydenselydesperatelydifferently
diplomaticallydirectlydishonestlydown
downhilldownstairsdownwardsdramatically
drasticallyeagerlyearlyeasily
eastecologicallyeffectivelyefficiently
eitherelectronicallyelegantlyelse
elsewhereemotionallyenoughenthusiastically
entirelyenvironmentallyequallyespecially
essentiallyeveneventuallyever
everywhereevidentlyexactlyexceptionally
excitedlyexclusivelyextraextraordinarily
extremelyface to facefairlyfantastically
farfastfinallyfinancially
finefinelyfirmlyfirst
firstlyflatfluentlyfoolishly
foreverformallyformerlyfortunately
forwardfranklyfreefreely
frequentlyfullyfundamentallyfuriously
furtherfurthermorefurthestgenerally
generouslygentlygenuinelyglobally
graduallygreatlyhalfhappily
hardlyharshlyheavilyhence
herehighhighlyhistorically
homehonestlyhopefullyhopelessly
hourlyhowhoweverideally
illegallyimmediatelyimmenselyimpatiently
importantlyininappropriatelyincidentally
increasinglyincrediblyindeedindefinitely
independentlyindirectlyindividuallyindoors
inevitablyinfinitelyinformallyinitially
innocentlyinsideinstantlyinstead
intellectuallyintenselyintensivelyinterestingly
internallyinternationallyinvariablyironically
jealouslyjointlyjustkindly
knowinglylargelylastlastly
latelatelylaterleast
leftlegallylesslightly
likelylikewiseliterallylogically
longloudloudlylow
luckilymagnificentlymainlymaybe
meanwhilemedicallymentallymerely
moderatelymodestlymorallymore
moreovermostmostlymuch
musicallymysteriouslynamelynarrowly
naturallynearnearbynearly
neatlynecessarilynegativelyneither
nervouslyneverneverthelessnewly
nextnicelynononetheless
normallynorthnotablynoticeably
nownowadaysnowhereobjectively
obviouslyoccasionallyoddlyoff
officiallyoftenOKon
onceonlineonlyopenly
oppositeoriginallyotherwiseoutdoors
outsideoveroveralloverboard
partiallyparticularlypartlypassionatly
patientlypeacefullypercentperfectly
permanentlypersonallyphysicallypleasantly
politicallypoorlypositivelypossibly
potentiallypowerfullypracticallyprecisely
predominantlypreferablypresentlypresumably
prettypreviouslyprimarilyprivately
probablyprofoundlypromptlyproperly
proudlypsychologicallypubliclypurely
quicklyquietlyquiteracially
radicallyrandomlyrapidlyrarely
ratherreadilyrealisticallyreally
reasonablyrecentlyregardlessregularly
relentlesslyreluctantlyremarkablyrepeatedly
reportedlyrespectfullyrightrightly
roughlyroundrudelysadly
safelysatisfactorilyscientificallysecond
secondlysecretlyseeminglyseldom
sensiblyseparatelyseriouslyseverely
sharplyshortlysidewayssignificantly
silentlysimilarlysimplysimultaneously
sincerelyslightlyslowlysmoothly
softlysolelysomehowsometimes
somewheresoonsouthsparsely
speciallyspecificallyspirituallysteadily
stillstraightstrangelystrategically
strictlystronglysubconsciouslysubsequently
substantiallysuccessfullysuddenlysufficiently
suitablysuperficiallysupposedlysurely
surprisinglysuspiciouslyswiftlysystematically
technicallytechnologicallytemporarilyterribly
thankfullythatthentheoretically
therethereaftertherebytherefore
thisthoroughlythoughthoughtfully
throughoutthustighttightly
todaytogethertomorrowtonight
tootoptotallytraditionally
tragicallytremendouslytrulytwice
typicallyultimatelyunanimouslyunavoidably
uncomfortablyunconsciouslyundeniablyunderneath
understandablyundoubtedlyunexpectedlyunfairly
unfortunatelyuniversallyunnecessarilyunquestionably
unreasonablyunsuccessfullyunwillinglyup
uphillupstairsupwardsurgently
usuallyutterlyvaguelyviolently
virtuallyvisiblyvitallyvividly
voluntarilywarmlywellwest
whenwheneverwherewhereabouts
wherebywholewholeheartedlywholly
whywidewidelywildly
willinglywiselyworseworst
wrongwronglyyesyesterday
yet

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