在英語中,Conjunctions連接詞是一種用來連接單字、片語或句子的詞類。它們的主要作用是表達關係,幫助組織語句,使語言更加流暢和連貫。主要分為並列,從屬,相關3個連接詞種類,CEFR字彙有31個。
連接詞的種類
連詞根據功能主要分為以下三類:
1. 並列連接詞(Coordinating Conjunctions)
- 用來連接平等的詞、片語或句子。
- 常見並列連接詞(CEFR):and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet
- 例子:
- She likes apples and oranges.(她喜歡蘋果和橙子。)
- He was tired, but he kept working.(他很累,但他繼續工作。)
2. 從屬連接詞(Subordinating Conjunctions)
- 用來連接主句和從句,表明從句在時間、原因、條件等方面與主句的關係。
- 常見從屬連接詞(CEFR):because, although, if, when, while, since, unless, before, after, albeit, as, once, that, though, till, until, whenever, wherever, whether, whereas
- 例子:
- I stayed home because it was raining.(因為下雨,我待在家裡。)
- Although she was tired, she finished her homework.(雖然她很累,但她完成了作業。)
3. 相關連接詞(Correlative Conjunctions)
- 成對出現,用來連接單字或片語。
- 常見相關連詞:both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also
- 例子:
- Both John and Mary are coming to the party.(約翰和瑪麗都會來參加聚會。)
- You can either call me or send me an email.(你可以打電話給我或給我發郵件。)
4.其他連結詞
like, only, plus, where
連接詞的具體功能
1. 表示添加
- 並列連接詞:and
- 例子:I bought a pen and a notebook.(我買了一支筆和一本筆記本。)
2. 表示對比或轉折
- 並列連接詞:but, yet
- 從屬連接詞:although, though, even though, whereas, while
- 例子:
- He is rich, but unhappy.(他很有錢,但不快樂。)
- Although it was late, we decided to stay.(雖然已經很晚了,我們還是決定留下。)
3. 表示選擇
- 並列連接詞:or, nor
- 相關連接詞:either…or, neither…nor
- 例子:
- Would you like tea or coffee?(你想要茶還是咖啡?)
- You can either study now or fail the exam.(你可以現在學習,否則就會考試不及格。)
4. 表示原因
- 從屬連接詞:because, since, as
- 例子:We stayed home because it was raining.(我們因為下雨而待在家裡。)
5. 表示結果
- 並列連接詞:so
- 例子:It was raining, so we stayed home.(下雨了,所以我們待在家裡。)
6. 表示條件
- 從屬連接詞:if, unless, as long as
- 例子:
- You can join us if you finish your homework.(如果你完成作業,就可以加入我們。)
- We won’t go out unless it stops raining.(除非雨停了,否則我們不會出門。)
7. 表示時間
- 從屬連接詞:when, while, before, after, since, until
- 例子:
- I was cooking when he arrived.(他到的時候我正在做飯。)
- We’ll leave after the meeting.(我們會在會議後離開。)
連接詞的注意事項
- 標點符號
- 在用並列連接詞連接兩個完整句子時,連詞前應加逗號:
- 例子:I was tired, but I finished my work.(我很累,但我完成了工作。)
- 在用並列連接詞連接兩個完整句子時,連詞前應加逗號:
- 避免過度使用連詞
- 過多的連接詞會讓句子冗長且難以理解:
- 不好的例子:I was tired, and it was late, and I didn’t want to go out, and it was raining.
- 改進:I was tired, it was late, and it was raining, so I didn’t want to go out.
- 過多的連接詞會讓句子冗長且難以理解:
- 相關連接詞需配對使用
- 必須正確搭配,避免錯誤:
- 正確:Neither he nor she is coming.(他和她都不會來。)
- 錯誤:Neither he or she is coming.
- 必須正確搭配,避免錯誤:
連接詞的例子和練習
- 連接兩個名詞:
- She likes apples and oranges.(她喜歡蘋果和橙子。)
- 連接兩個短語:
- He is working and listening to music.(他正在工作並聽音樂。)
- 連接兩個句子:
- I wanted to go out, but it was raining.(我想出去,但下雨了。)
CEFR連結詞字彙表
一共31個單字:after, albeit, although, and, as, because, before, but, for, if, like, nor, only, once, or, plus, since, so, that, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, while, whereas, yet