英文代名詞:代名詞的種類和用法(68個單字)

在英語中,Pronouns代名詞是用來替代名詞的詞類,主要分爲人稱代名詞,所有格代名詞和反身代名詞。代名詞可以用來避免重複提到同一個名詞,使語言更加簡潔流暢。


代名詞的功能

  1. 替代名詞:避免重複。
    • 例子:John is a teacher. He loves his job.(John 是一名老師。他喜歡他的工作。)
  2. 指代人、事物、數量等
  3. 表示所有權、疑問或強調等語法功能

代名詞的分類

1. 人稱代名詞(Personal Pronouns)

  • 用來指代特定的人或事物。
  • 主格:I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
    • 例子:She is my friend.(她是我的朋友。)
  • 受格:me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
    • 例子:He called me yesterday.(他昨天打電話給我。)
  • 所有格:my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their

2. 所有格代名詞

  • 用來表示所有權。
  • 名詞性:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs(獨立使用)
    • 例子:This book is mine.(這本書是我的。)

3. 反身代名詞(Reflexive Pronouns)

  • 用來指代動作的執行者和接受者是同一個人或物。
  • 形式:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
    • 例子:She taught herself to play the piano.(她自學了彈鋼琴。)
主格受格所有格所有格代名詞反身代名詞
第一人稱單數I
memyminemyself
第二人稱單數you
you
youryoursyourself
第三人稱單數he
himhishishimself
第三人稱單數sheherherhersherself
第三人稱單數itititsitsitself
第一人稱複數weusouroursourselves
第二人稱複數you
youyouryoursyourselves
第三人稱複數theythemtheirtheirsthemselves

4. 指示代名詞(Demonstrative Pronouns)

  • 用來指代特定的人或事物。
  • 形式:this, that, these, those
    • 例子:This is my car.(這是我的車。)
    • Those are expensive.(那些很貴。)

5. 疑問代名詞(Interrogative Pronouns)

  • 用於提問。
  • 形式:who, whom, whose, what, which
    • 例子:
      • Who is that?(那是誰?)
      • What do you want?(你想要什麼?)

6. 關係代名詞(Relative Pronouns)

  • 用來引導從句,修飾先行詞。
  • 形式:who, whom, whose, which, that
    • 例子:
      • The boy who is running is my brother.(正在跑的那個男孩是我弟弟。)
      • The book that I borrowed is interesting.(我借的那本書很有趣。)

7. 不定代名詞(Indefinite Pronouns)

  • 用來指代不確定的或泛指的人或事物。
  • 形式:someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, something, anything, everything, nothing
    • 例子:
      • Someone is at the door.(有人在門口。)
      • I don’t see anything.(我什麼也沒看到。)

8. 相互代名詞(Reciprocal Pronouns)

  • 表示互相作用。
  • 形式:each other, one another
    • 例子:
      • They help each other with homework.(他們互相幫助完成作業。)

9. 強調代名詞(Emphatic Pronouns)

  • 用來強調某人或某物。
  • 形式與反身代詞相同:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
    • 例子:
      • I myself cooked this meal.(我自己做了這頓飯。)

10.其他代名詞

each, either, least, less, little, most, neither, next, none, one, other, plenty,some, such, whatever,  whichever, whoever


代名詞使用中的注意事項

  1. 主格和賓格的區分
    • 主格:用於主語位置。
      • 例子:I like apples.(我喜歡蘋果。)
    • 賓格:用於動詞或介系詞的賓語位置。
      • 例子:He likes me.(他喜歡我。)
  2. 單數和複數
    • 單數代名詞:he, she, it
    • 複數代名詞:we, they
  3. 代名詞和先行詞一致
    • 代名詞的性別和數量要與它所指代的名詞一致。
      • 例子:The cat is hungry. It needs food.(貓餓了,它需要食物。)
  4. 避免重複代名詞
    • 避免在同一個句子中多次使用代名詞,可能會造成混淆。
      • 壞例子:He said that he would help him.(誰幫誰?)
      • 改進:John said that he would help Mark.

CEFR代名詞字彙表

一共有68個:anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, he, her, hers, herself, him, himself, his, I, it, its, itself, least, less, little, me, mine, most, my, myself, neither, next, nobody, none, nothing, one, oneself, other, our, ours, ourselves, plenty, she, some, somebody, someone, something, such, that, their, theirs, them, themselves, these, they, this, us, we, what, whatever, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whose, you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves. (no one)

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