Verbs動詞:動詞的功能,總類,時態(944個單字)

Verbs動詞是英語中最重要的詞類之一,用來表達動作(例如:run, eat, play)或狀態(例如:be, seem, exist)。在句子中,動詞是必不可少的,它們構成了句子的核心,通常用來描述主語的行為或狀態。


動詞的功能

  1. 表示動作:動詞描述主語的動作或所做的事情。
    • 例子
      • She runs every morning.(她每天早上跑步。)
      • They play football on weekends.(他們週末踢足球。)
  2. 表示狀態:動詞表達主語的存在、狀態或特性。
    • 例子
      • He is a teacher.(他是一位老師。)
      • The cake smells delicious.(這蛋糕聞起來很香。)

動詞的種類

1. 根據語義分類

  1. 動作動詞(Action Verbs)
    • 描述主語正在進行的動作或活動。
    • 例子
      • She writes a letter.(她在寫信。)
      • He jumps over the fence.(他跳過了柵欄。)
  2. 連繫動詞(Linking Verbs)
    • 用來連接主語和主語補語,表示狀態而非動作。
    • 常見連繫動詞
      • be(是)、seem(似乎)、become(變成)、feel(感覺)、look(看起來)、sound(聽起來)
    • 例子
      • She is a doctor.(她是一名醫生。)
      • The soup tastes good.(湯的味道很好。)
  3. 助動詞(Auxiliary Verbs)
    • 幫助主要動詞表達時態、語態或語氣。
    • 常見助動詞
      • be(用於進行時和被動語態)
      • have(用於完成時態)
      • do(用於強調或否定句)
    • 例子
      • She is writing a book.(她正在寫一本書。)
      • They have finished their homework.(他們已經完成了作業。)
  4. 情態動詞(Modal Verbs)
    • 表達可能性、能力、必要性、允許等。
    • 常見情態動詞
      • can(能夠)、could(可能)、may(可以)、might(也許)、must(必須)、shall(應該)、will(將會)
    • 例子
      • You can do it.(你可以做到。)
      • He might come to the party.(他可能會來參加派對。)

2. 根據語法功能分類

  1. 及物動詞(Transitive Verbs)
    • 需要一個賓語來完成其意義。
    • 例子
      • She bought a new dress.(她買了一條新裙子。)
      • He opened the door.(他打開了門。)
  2. 不及物動詞(Intransitive Verbs)
    • 不需要賓語即可表達完整意義。
    • 例子
      • She sleeps early.(她很早睡覺。)
      • The baby cries.(嬰兒哭了。)
  3. 雙賓動詞(Ditransitive Verbs)
    • 可以有兩個賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)。
    • 例子
      • She gave me a gift.(她送了我一件禮物。)
      • He taught us English.(他教我們英語。)
  4. 不完全及物動詞(Complex Transitive Verbs)
    • 除了賓語外,還需要賓語補語來完成意思。
    • 例子
      • They elected him president.(他們選舉他為總統。)
      • We consider her talented.(我們認為她很有才華。)

動詞的時態

動詞可以根據時間表達不同的時態(Tenses),主要分為以下三大類,每類有四種形式:

  1. 現在時(Present Tense)
    • 一般現在時:She reads books.(她看書。)
    • 現在進行時:She is reading a book.(她正在看書。)
    • 現在完成時:She has read the book.(她已經看過那本書。)
    • 現在完成進行時:She has been reading for two hours.(她已經看書兩個小時了。)
  2. 過去時(Past Tense)
    • 一般過去時:She read a book yesterday.(她昨天看了一本書。)
    • 過去進行時:She was reading a book.(她當時正在看書。)
    • 過去完成時:She had read the book before dinner.(她在晚飯前看完了那本書。)
    • 過去完成進行時:She had been reading for two hours before you arrived.(在你到達之前,她已經看了兩個小時的書。)
  3. 未來時(Future Tense)
    • 一般未來時:She will read a book tomorrow.(她明天會看一本書。)
    • 未來進行時:She will be reading a book.(她將會正在看書。)
    • 未來完成時:She will have read the book by then.(到那時她將已經看完那本書。)
    • 未來完成進行時:She will have been reading for two hours by the time you arrive.(到你到達時,她將已經看了兩個小時的書。)

動詞與句子結構

動詞在句子中決定句子的基本結構,並影響主語和賓語的關係。

  1. 主語 + 動詞(SV)
    • 例子
      • The baby cries.(嬰兒哭了。)
  2. 主語 + 動詞 + 賓語(SVO)
    • 例子
      • She writes a letter.(她在寫信。)
  3. 主語 + 動詞 + 賓語 + 補語(SVOC)
    • 例子
      • We elected him president.(我們選他當總統。)
  4. 主語 + 動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語(SVOO)
    • 例子
      • She gave me a book.(她給了我一本書。)

動詞與其他詞類的區別

  1. 動詞 vs. 名詞
    • 動詞表動作或狀態,而名詞表事物或概念。
    • 例子
      • 動詞:He runs.(他跑步。)
      • 名詞:His run was fast.(他的跑步很快。)
  2. 動詞 vs. 形容詞
    • 動詞表行為或狀態,形容詞修飾名詞。
    • 例子
      • 動詞:She looks tired.(她看起來很累。)
      • 形容詞:She is a tired girl.(她是一個累壞了的女孩。)
  3. 動詞 vs. 副詞
    • 動詞表動作或狀態,副詞修飾動詞或形容詞。
    • 例子
      • 動詞:She runs.(她跑步。)
      • 副詞:She runs quickly.(她跑得很快。)

總結

  • 動詞是表達動作或狀態的詞語,是句子的核心部分。
  • 動詞可以分為動作動詞、連繫動詞、助動詞、情態動詞等。
  • 動詞有豐富的時態變化,能表達不同時間和狀態。
  • 動詞的正確使用對於構建清晰有效的句子至關重要。

CEFR動詞字彙表

一共944個單字,一個片語(ought to:應該,應當)

1234
abandonabolishabsorbaccelerate
acceptaccompanyaccomplishaccumulate
accuseachieveacknowledgeacquire
adaptaddaddressadjust
admireadmitadoptadvertise
adviseaffectagreeaid
alertallegeallocateallow
alteralternateamendamuse
analyseannounceannoyanticipate
apologiseappearapplaudapply
appointappreciateapproachapprove
arguearisearousearrange
arriveaskassembleassert
assessassignassistassociate
assumeassureattachattack
attainattendattractauthorize
avoidbabysitbakebang
barkbebegbegin
behavebelievebelongbend
betraybewarebindbleed
blinkblowblushboast
boilbombboostborrow
botherbouncebreakbreathe
bringbroadcastbroadenbrowse
brushbuildbumpburgle
burnburstburybuy
calculatecampaigncancelcannot
capturecarrycarvecast
catchcatercautioncease
celebratechallengechargechase
cheatcheckcheerchew
choosechopclapclarify
classifycleanclearclick
climbclingclutchcoincide
collaboratecollectcombinecome
commemoratecommencecommitcommunicate
commutecomparecompensatecompete
compilecomplaincompletecomplicate
complycomposecomprisecompromise
concealconcedeconceiveconcentrate
concludecondemnconductconfess
confineconfirmconfrontconfuse
congratulateconnectconquerconsider
constituteconstrainconstructconsult
consumecontaincontemplatecontinue
contractcontradictcontributecontrol
convertconveyconvictconvince
coolcooperatecopecopy
correspondcorruptcouldcount
crackcravecrawlcreate
criticizecrumblecultivatecurb
damagedatedaydreamdazzle
deceivedecidedeclaredecline
decoratededucedeemdeepen
defenddefinedefydelay
deletedeliverdemolishdemonstrate
denydepartdepictdeprive
descenddescribedeservedesign
desiredestroydetectdeteriorate
determinedevelopdevisediagnose
dialdicedictatedie
differdifferentiatedigdigest
dimdiminishdipdirect
disagreedisappeardisappointdisapprove
disclosediscouragediscoverdiscriminate
discussdislikedismissdisplace
disqualifydisruptdissolvedistinguish
distortdistractdistributedisturb
divertdividedodominate
donatedoubledragdraw
dreaddriftdrowndry
earneatediteducate
elapseelecteliminateembarrass
embodyemergeemitemphasize
employenableencloseencounter
encourageendendorseendure
enforceengageenhanceenjoy
enquireenrichensureenter
entertainentitleenvisageenvision
equateequiperadicateerode
eruptestablishevaluateevolve
exaggerateexamineexceedexcel
exclaimexcludeexecuteexemplify
exerciseexhaustexistexpand
expectexpireexplainexplode
exploitexploreexposeexpress
extendextractfacilitatefade
failfaintfallfancy
fascinatefastenfaxfeed
feelfetchfillfind
finishfirefitfix
flattenfleefloatflourish
fluctuatefoldfollowforbid
forceforeseeforgetforgive
formulatefoundfreefreeze
frightenfryfurthergather
generalizegenerategetgiggle
giveglaregoGoogle
governgrabgrantgrasp
greetgringroupgrow
guaranteeguardhandlehang
happenhatehaulhaunt
havehealhearhesitate
hidehighlighthinderhire
hithitchhikehophum
hunthurryhurtidentify
ignoreillustrateimagineimitate
implementimplyimposeimpress
imprisonimproveincludeincorporate
incurindicateindulgeinfect
inferinforminhabitinherit
initiateinjureinquireinsert
insistinspectinspireinstall
instructintegrateintendintensify
interactinterfereinterpretinterrupt
interveneintroduceintrudeinvade
inventinvestinvestigateinvite
involveirritateitchjog
joinjudgejugglejustify
keepkillkneelknit
knockknowlacklead
learnleavelendlengthen
lessenletlicklinger
listenliveloathelobby
locatelockloomloosen
loselowermaintainmake
managemanufacturemarrymaximize
meanmeetmeltmend
mergemightmingleminimize
misbehavemisinformmisinterpretmislead
misplacemissmisunderstandmix
moanmoderatemodifymonitor
motivatemountmumblemust
mutternegotiatenodnominate
notenotifyobeyobject
obligeobserveobtainoccupy
occuroffendoffsetomit
openoperateopposeopt
organizeoutnumberoutweighovercome
overdooverestimateoverflowoverhear
overlapoverloadoverlookovertake
overwhelmoweownpaint
participatepatpausepeel
perceiveperformpermitpersist
persuadepickpinpinpoint
planplantpleadplease
plungepolluteponderportray
posepossesspostponepour
practisepraiseprayprecede
predictpreferprepareprescribe
presentpreservepresspresume
pretendprevailpreventprint
privatizeproceedproduceprohibit
prolongpromotepronouncepropose
prosecuteprosperprotectprove
provideprovokepublishpull
punishpursuepushput
qualifyqueuequitraise
reachreactreadreadjust
realizerearrearrangereassure
rebuildrecallreceiverecharge
reckonrecognizerecollectrecommend
reconcilereconsiderreconstructrecover
recreaterectifyrecurrecycle
redevelopredistributereducerefine
reflectrefrainrefreshrefuse
regainregisterregretregulate
rehearsereignreinforcereject
relaterelaxreleaserelieve
relocateremainrememberremind
removerenderrenewrenovate
rentreorganizerepairrepay
repeatreplacereportrepresent
reproducerequireresearchresemble
resentresignresistrespond
restrestartrestorerestrain
restrictrestructureresumeretain
rethinkretireretreatretrieve
returnrevealreviserevive
revoltrewardrewriterip
riseriskroastrob
rotrubrunsacrifice
saddensailsatisfysave
sayscarescrapscratch
seduceseeseekseize
selectsellsendseparate
servesettlesewshake
shallsharesharpenshave
shiftshineshivershoot
shortenshouldshrinkshrug
shuddershutsimplifysing
sitskipslamslap
slipslowsmashsmoke
smugglesnapsnatchsneeze
sniffsnoresoaksoar
sobsocializesolvesort
sowsparespeakspecialize
specifyspeculatespellspend
spillspinspitsplash
splitspoilsprayspread
sprinklespursquandersquash
squeaksqueezestabstagger
stainstandstarestart
starvestatestealsteer
stickstimulatestirstop
storestrengthenstrikestrive
studystumblesubmitsubstitute
succeedsuccumbsucksue
suffersuggestsummarizesummon
sunbathesupervisesupplysuppose
suppresssurfsurpasssurrender
surroundsurvivesuspendsustain
swallowswapswearsweep
swingswitchsympathizetackle
taketeachteartease
telephonetellterrifytestify
thankthinkthreatenthrive
throwtidytightentime
tiretoleratetorturetotal
tracetransfertransformtranslate
transmittreadtreattremble
triggertriptryturn
twistuncoverunderestimateundergo
underlineundermineunderstandundertake
undoundressunfoldunite
unloadunlockunpackuntie
unwindupgradeupholdupload
upsetuttervaccinatevanish
varyverifyviolatevisit
volunteervomitwakewander
wantwarmwarnwash
wastewaterweakenwear
weepweighwhisperwiden
wieldwinkwipewithdraw
withstandwonderworsenwould
wrapwriteyawnyield

發佈留言